Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• field and the analyte through an i) electromagnetic enhancement (i.e., ‘hot spot’) and/or a ii) chemical enhancement [10]. Despite the impressive detection limit achieved by the nanoporous structures, little attention has been paid to the sample surface architecture despite of the fact that the SERS

• than 3 nm) to the surface experience the electromagnetic field [2]. Moreover, the chemical enhancement occurs at an even shorter effective distance range since the molecules have to bond to the metal surface. Therefore, even though high electromagnetic field enhancement can be achieved using SERS, the

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• the excitation energy, leading to a giant chemical enhancement on partially oxidized MoS2 [23]. It has been also reported that the energy levels and orientation of the Raman-active probe molecule on graphene could strongly influence the Raman enhancement. Benefiting from the face-on molecular

• the Raman polarizability of the molecule; thus, it is essential to investigate the dependency of chemical enhancement on the local structure of 2D-TMDC materials. In this article, the structure-related optical properties of a triangular MoSe2 flake covered with a 5 nm film of CuPc molecules are

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• chemical enhancement from the electronic interaction between the analyte and the nanosurface [59]. The electromagnetic enhancement factor (EF) can reach up to eleven orders of magnitude in the “hot spots” of the nanosubstrate [60][61], while the chemical EF usually has a value between 10 and 103. Since the

• SERS activity of ZnO is weak [15] it can be improved by doping with heavy elements or by combining ZnO nanostructures with noble metals, thus increasing the electromagnetic or the chemical enhancement factor. Combined nanomaterials can offer increased SERS amplification due to both metal-induced EM and

• chemical enhancement owing to the interaction between semiconductor and/or noble metals with the analytes [7][35]. The chemical enhancement is related to the photoinduced charge transfer effect that takes place under the light excitation when the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• substrates has been synthesized [1][13]. The design of SERS substrates commonly aims at maximizing the plasmonic effect of Raman enhancement. There are two generally recognized mechanisms responsible for the SERS enhancement, namely electromagnetic enhancement (EM) and chemical enhancement (CE) [14][15]. The

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• densities [28]. The intensity of the band at 1078 cm−1 (C–S stretching mode) is specifically used here for the evaluation of the electromagnetic enhancement of the SERS substrates. This vibrational mode is considered to be insensitive to chemical enhancement [29] and only reflects the effect of the

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• is extremely weak [10][11]. SERS is representative of other technologies that can amplify signal intensities based on strong electromagnetic fields and chemical enhancement [12][13][14]. Recently, all kinds of shapes of nanostructures machined by several researchers as SERS substrates have been

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• phenomena, the local electric field enhancement due to the surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructure (electromagnetic enhancement) and the charge transfer between the molecule and the metal substrate (chemical enhancement) [6][7][8]. In addition, given the generally low Raman scattering cross

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• , when a probe molecule is adsorbed in the vicinity of noble-metal (Au, Ag) nanostructures, its Raman signal intensity is enhanced by several orders of magnitude [4]. Besides from EM, chemical enhancement (CE) is the other widely recognized enhancement mechanism. In CE, the signal enhancement arises from

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• wide range of field enhancements, provide a way to determine relative contributions of chemical and electromagnetic field-enhancement in SERS measurements of benzenethiol. We find a chemical enhancement of 2 to 14 for different vibrational resonances when referencing against a vibrational mode that

• intensity dependence of the chemical enhancement and allows for a more systematic design of SERS substrates with desired properties. Keywords: benzenethiol; chemical enhancement; physical enhancement; quantification; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• plasmon resonances of the nanostructured metal surface when excited by incident light. The generally weaker chemical enhancement mechanism (CE) is thought to be associated with electronic interactions such as charge redistribution, hybridization, or other interactions between molecular adsorbate and the

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• and depends on the local electromagnetic field at the metal surface while the chemical enhancement depends on the analyte itself and results from an effective charge transfer between the noble metal and the adsorbed probe molecule [5][6]. While the Raman effect is intrinsically weak and typically does

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• computational approach is consistent with the chemical enhancement mechanism proposed by Otto et al. [49][50], which is based on the adatom model. In this model, the interaction of ligand molecules occurs with surface defects that are constituted by one or a few metal atoms, which can be considered almost

Probing the plasmonic near-field by one- and two-photon excited surface enhanced Raman scattering

• Katrin Kneipp and
• Harald Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 834–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.94

• forming the aggregate [22][33][43]. In general, enhanced local fields and “chemical” enhancement can contribute to such enormous non-resonant total enhancement factors. SEPARS experiments provide us with information about the total effective SERS cross section (see Equation 2). In the following section

• Raman scattering must experience a much stronger enhancement effect than Raman scattering. Since it is reasonable that the chemical enhancement effect for Raman and hyper Raman scattering is on the same order of magnitude, we can ascribe extremely high SEHRS signals to the near-field. Comparing SEHRS